DOA Estimation for Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems Using Mixed-ADCs: Performance Loss and Energy Efficiency
Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, the practical application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the sixth generation (6G) and future wireless networks is still challenging.Employing low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and hybrid analog and digital (HAD) structure is two low-cost cho